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Abstract BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) are an important public health problem in all countries. Knowledge of their relationship with the various socioeconomic levels is necessary for an understanding of their epidemiology and behavior in society. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients and to correlate education with history of sexually transmitted diseases, especially for syphilis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study carried out in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: The medical records of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) between January 2010 and July 2018 were assessed. These patients were attended at the specialized assistance service for HIV/AIDS) of the Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD/AIDS) of the city of Juiz de Fora. In total, 335 patients were selected. RESULTS: In our sample, 73.13% were male; 57.36% were aged between 25 and 45 years and 24.23% were over 45 years of age. Regarding sexual orientation, 61.78% were homosexual. Regarding education, 52.88% had "unskilled education", while 47.12% had "qualified education". Analysis on the relationship between schooling and syphilis, a positive relationship between qualified schooling and syphilis was observed: odds ratio = 3.588; 95% confidence interval: 1.090-11.808. CONCLUSION: Homosexual male patients are most affected by HIV. Furthermore, this disease is not limited only to individuals with low education. Syphilis should be suspected in all individuals.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Syphilis/epidemiology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Sexual Behavior , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the current status of professional identity among the clinical medical postgraduates and its correlation with mentoring function and professional competency, so as to provide reference for optimizing the training mode of clinical medicine postgraduates.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted among 217 academic and professional full-time postgraduates from Batch 2016 to 2018 majoring in clinical medicine in Peking University Health Science Center in 2019. The contents included four aspects: basic information, preliminary questionnaire of professional identity, mentoring function scale and professional competency. SPSS 26.0 was used for t test, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Pearson correlation analysis to analyze the status of professional identity and its correlation with professional competency and mentoring function. Results:Both professional and academic clinical medicine postgraduates had high scores of the overall level and four factors, and there was no statistical significance in the scores between the two groups ( P >0.05). There were significant differences in the overall level, behavior and appropriateness of professional identity among different grades of professional postgraduates ( P<0.05). Correlation study showed that the professional identity was significantly positively correlated with the total score of professional competency and mentoring function ( P<0.001). Further interview survey showed that the role of supervisor and employment prospects also played an important role in the elevation of professional identity. Conclusion:The overall degree of professional identity of academic and professional postgraduates is good and closely related to professional competency and mentoring function and for professional postgraduates, the overall level of professional identity of senior students is better. It is suggested that besides focusing on their professional competency, it is necessary to further optimize the employment policy of academic postgraduates and the training of tutors for professional postgraduates.
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Objective To analyze the problems and reasons in the clinical medicine postgraduate cultivation.We stated the competency of clinical medicine postgraduates according to the transition of health demands global medical development and practical requirements for clinical personnel. Me thods Questionnaire surveys combined with interviews were conducted, and statistical analysis was performed. In the first part, we selected the permanent staff with qualifications of medical clinicians, including: chief physicians, associate chief physicians, physicians, residents, accounting for 72％ of the interviewees; And related personnel, including nurses, administrators and patients, were also interviewed, accounting for 28％ of the total. 90 questionnaires were distributed, and 86 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 95.56％. In the second part, graduate students with clinical professional degrees were selected for interviews, 96 questionnaires were distributed, and 92 valid questionnaires were collected, and the effective rate was 95.83％.Re s ults There was a certain gap between the expected goal and the actual situation of the post competency of clinical professional degree graduate students, and the gap had a certain statistical significance. The clinical professional degree graduate students paid more attention to the doctor-patient communication, teamwork. Conclus ions We elaborated the required post competence for clinical medicine postgraduates on the basis of its content and characteristic. We propose to strengthen the cultivation of clinical medicine postgraduates by the reform and support of the government enhanced construction of teachers improved course plan and cultivation process perfected assessment system in order to make the students competent to their posts.
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Since the implementation of synergy of medical education, the education of clinical medi-cal postgraduate of academic degree inevitably has faced problems such as the decrease quality of the source of students, unclear training objectives and confused training model, and bad job prospects. Can these problems be solved effectively or not, which is directly related to the coordinated development of clinical medicine professional degree and academic degree. This study analyzes the problems faced by the graduate education of clinical medicine after the synergy of medical education and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures:firstly, to attract excellent clinical medical undergraduates and encourage medical students of related subjects or clinical doctors having working experience to apply for academic degree;secondly, the university, supervisors and graduates need to clear the training target and ensure the quality of graduate education; thirdly, employment guidance should be carried out throughout all the study stage of graduates, and the school should guide the graduates to form correct opinion of employment and to plan their career reasonably.
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From the perspective of institute of medical higher education, a set of index system which include three first level indicators has been constructed, for medical academic postgraduate ed-ucation internal evaluation with the method of expert advice as well as in-depth interview, and then through Delphi consulting, the weight of every indicator has been calculated. The weight of three first level indicators are 0.28 (educational condition), 0.42 (educational process), 0.30 (educational results) respectively. Finally, how to carry out internal evaluation and how to apply the results effec-tively have been discussed.
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With the development of economy and society, the change of heath concept and increased demands for health care , the cultivation of postgraduates majoring in clinical medicine is facing a lot of problems which seriously affects the quality of culti-vation.The article analyzed the problems and reasons in the clinical medicine postgraduate cultivation.We stated the competency of clinical medicine postgraduates according to the transition of health demands, global medical development and practical requirements for clinical personnel in China.We elaborated the required post competence for clinical medicine postgraduates on the basis of its con-tent and characteristics.We proposed to strengthen the cultivation of clinical medicine postgraduates by the reform and support of the government, enhanced construction of teachers, improved course plan and cultivation process, perfected assessment system in order to make the students competent to their posts.
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A atuação profissional dos psicólogos escolares é marcada por numerosos desafios que oscilam entrea formação acadêmica e os dilemas vivenciados entre as ações desenvolvidas e as ações esperadas.Esses desafios vão configurando a identidade profissional e apontando uma diversidade de ações eperspectivas de inserção nas escolas. O presente estudo buscou identificar as ações que estão sendoempreendidas e os desafios enfrentados pelos psicólogos nas instituições de ensino na cidade de Natal,RN. A pesquisa foi qualitativa e os dados foram coletados através de uma entrevista semiestruturadaaplicada entre os psicólogos escolares. Os resultados revelaram uma diversidade de ações emdesenvolvimento, agrupadas em atividades direcionadas aos alunos, aos pais, aos professores e à instituiçãoescolar. A diversidade de desafios revela questões interligadas à construção de identidade, às condiçõesde trabalho e à formação, que não foi suficiente para atender às exigências do contexto escolar. Alémde ter tido a oportunidade de conhecer, de perto, a atuação desse profissional, o estudo ainda permitiutecer reflexões sobre a importância de uma formação profissional sintonizada com as necessidades decada contexto e alicerçada em conhecimentos capazes de auxiliar na compreensão e intervenção nãoapenas na instituição escolar, mas nos diversos contextos educativos.
The work of educational psychologists is marked by challenges that oscillate from academicdegree to dilemmas between what has been developed and what is expected. These challengeshave been contributed to shape the professional's identity and point to perspectives of insertionin schools. The aim of this study is identify which actions have been applying and what kind ofchallenges the educational psychologists have to face nowadays. Our study was based on aqualitative research and the data were collected by semi-structured interviews applied toeducational psychologists. Our results show us a variety of things which are being done withthe focus on students, parents, teachers and institutions. The existence of different challengeshave demonstrated questions closely related to construction of identity, work conditions andformation what does not enough to prepare facing the demands of the school context. Moreover,the study not only give us the opportunity to understand the knowledge in the work of theseprofessionals, but also make us to reflect about how important is the academic degree to besyntonized with the real needs of the community and also it could be rooted in knowledge thatwill help them in their work as to be applied in different educational contexts
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Students , Psychology, Educational , Psychology , Professional PracticeABSTRACT
Medical education in North Korea began with 2 medical colleges established during the 1930s and 1940s, and each Province came to have one medical college by the 1970s. It is presumed to exist 14 medical colleges in 1992. Apart from medical colleges, there are several kinds of medical schools. the number of medical practitioners has increased as the number of educational institutes for medicine increased. In 1996, there was 29.7 medical practitioners for 10,000 persons. They have several kinds of academic degrees in North Korea. They include: Wonsa, candidate Wonsa, doctor, vice-doctor, candidate doctor. In the university they have professor, associate professor, associate professor, lecturer, and research assistant. Academic degrees and positions are given not by the university nor research institute, but by the Government Board for Awarding Academic Degree and Position. Concerning research institutes, there is Chosen Institute for Medical Science that once was a medical research center under the Central Science Academy, and became an independent institute in 1963. Besides this institute, universities have their own research institutes, and there are also some other independent institutes.
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Education, Medical/history , English Abstract , KoreaABSTRACT
Having its long-term development in mind, our hospital has attached great importance to the cultivation of personnel with high academic degrees and marked effects have been achieved in this aspect. Major ways adopted include: ①improvement in an all-round way of the overall quality of personnel with high academic degrees, with emphasis put on the enhancement of their clinical skills through practice, enhancement of their research capabilities, and cultivation of a sense of independence and innovative abilities; ②instillation of three senses in personnel with high academic degrees, viz. sense of dedication, sense of orienting medical service towards the needs of patients, and sense of dynamic enterprise; ③optimization of the environment so as to encourage personnel with high academic degrees to display their abilities; ④dynamic supervision of personnel with high academic degrees through selecting the superior and eliminating the inferior.